For more than a decade, terrorist and violent extremist groups have recruited, maimed and killed thousands of children across Nigeria. In the 1999 Constitution the Nigerian State committed itself to protect children from ‘‘any exploitation whatsoever, and against moral and material neglect’’. Preventing all forms of child recruitment will require robust investment into the creation of protective environments for children. At the same time, those children who have been associated with these groups will require support on their journey to rehabilitation and reintegration.